conclusion of environmental impact of mining

As of 2015, there were some 373 mineral mines across Alaska, Canada, Greenland, Iceland, The Faroes, Norway (including Svalbard), Sweden, Finland and Russia (see Table 1), with the top five minerals being gold, iron, copper, nickel and zinc [36]. Invitations to be included in this group were based on an initial stakeholder/rightsholder mapping process and soliciting expressions of interest (see Stakeholder Engagement Methodology Document, https://osf.io/cvh3u). Freeman RE. However, despite the clear importance of this topic, there has been little rigorous synthesis of research knowledge in Arctic and boreal regions (although see [42] for a review with high susceptibility to bias on the topic). community level social outcome measures) (n=68), followed by cancer rates/disease/mortality (n=57). In addition, "mining gold produces much more unwanted rock than does mining other minerals" and "The mining watchdog group Earthworks estimates that a standard 18-karat wedding band leaves behind 20 tons of ore and waste rock" (Rastogi, "Production of Gold has Many Negative Environmental Effects"). Similarly, the different stakeholders of the mining industry see the environmental impact of a mining operation in varied perspectives. This list is indicative only and should not be taken as a priority list of topics for systematic review. An interactive version is available at the project website; https://3mkproject.github.io/research.html. ); (3) broad objectives of the study; (4) study design and setting; (5) system affected; (6) impact/mitigation; (7) measured outcomes; (8) data type and location. The local impact of mining on poverty and inequality: evidence from the commodity boom in Peru. There is no cure for this disease. Remediation of the potential environmental impacts (e.g. The company, for instance, is motivated by profit and may not be as concerned with the environmental impact of their operations as compared to those people in the community who does not have any economic . submission of the Mining Plan, vide Letter No. New York: Springer; 2016. p. 189201. Searches of bibliographic databases were performed only in English, since in each case the bibliographic data were translated to English prior to indexing, meaning that full texts in non-English language would be found this way. Social and environmental systems in Arctic and boreal regions are particularly sensitive to impacts from development for numerous reasons, not least of which are the reliance of Indigenous peoples on subsistence livelihoods and long recovery times of fragile ecosystems. Environ Earth Sci. A consistency check was also conducted prior to screening articles at full-text on 69 articles. Recycling, improving legislation and regulations, proper environmental management systems, proper mines closure and site reclamation . Mchaina D. Environmental planning considerations for the decommissioning, closure and reclamation of a mine site. 2015;38(3):194227. We searched multiple bibliographic databases and organisational websites for relevant research using tested search strategies. Resour Policy. While some methods have less impact than others, it almost always has a serious and lasting environmental impact. The results include analysis of the mining impacts of Tin and Coal on the environment. the many Aboriginal communities in Canada [39]) and these systems have been shown to be equally limited in evidence on social impacts of resource extraction [40, 41]. Note some articles report multiple stages. A third round resulted in a 372/510 (NRH vs JJT), 384/510 (JJT vs CA), and 370/510 (NRH vs CA) agreement level. All data are available as supplementary information and via the Open Science Framework project site for 3MK: https://osf.io/cvh3u. The interactive evidence atlas is available online (https://3mkproject.github.io/research.html) and as a downloadable HTML file (Additional File 9). Abandonment, decommissioning and repurposing of mines can also cause significant environmental impacts, for example soil and water contamination [e.g. Johnson CJ, et al. Knobblock EA, Pettersson . water or soil) can influence other systems in a positive or negative manner, such as the wellbeing of local communities [23]. 5). Haddaway NR, et al. Coding variables and meta-data within these domains were then compiled in a partly iterative process, expanding the range of options as they were encountered during scoping and extraction. Only 7 articles investigated social and environmental outcomes together. The most commonly reported factors were individual fauna species (n=116), water sediment quality (n=104) and surface water quality (n=104). Abingdon: Routledge; 2019. p. 18098. Polar Geogr. Within water, surface, sediment and groundwater were approximately equal (n=114, 104, and 87 respectively), with ice rather infrequent (n=5). Haddaway, N.R., Smith, A., Taylor, J.J. et al. Mining and The Environment Essay examples. For all English-language websites, searches were performed in English using the following core terms where search functionality allowed: mining impacts; mining effects; mining mitigation; social impacts mine; environmental impacts mine. Supplementary searches In addition, we (Adrienne Smith [AS] and Brooke Etherington [BE]) hand searched reference sections of relevant included articles and 47 randomly selected relevant literature reviews which accounted for 30% of the relevant reviews identified in the searching (see Additional File 2). Stakeholders and rightsholders were invited to a specific meeting (held at Stockholm Environment Institute in September 2018) to help refine the scope, define the key elements of the review question, finalise a search strategy, and suggest sources of evidence, and also to subsequently provide comments on the structure of the final protocol [45]. It is hoped that the conclusion of this study will enable Nigeria to put in place and enforce certain minimum environmental standards for solid mineral exploration and exploitation. The review was conducted according to the published protocol [45]. Water Resour. However, mining activities are said to be an integral part of societal development. Dale B, et al. For details of the search string adaptations used in each resource, see the searchRxiv search history records detailed in Table 2. 1997;26(3):590602. 17, 18,19,20. CAS All data, code and functions are available on GitHub as an Open Source/Open Data resource here; https://github.com/nealhaddaway/3mk. Decree 86 of 1992 introduced mandatory environmental impact assessments . Examples of potentially serious environmental impacts of 1. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. Koivurova T, et al. industrial contexts, heavily altered environments, etc.) Exploration, construction, operation, and maintenance of mines can change land-use substantially, and may negatively affect environments, for example through deforestation, erosion, contamination and alteration of soil profiles, contamination of local streams and wetlands, and an increase in noise level, dust and emissions [1,2,3,4,5]. Constructing northern Fennoscandia as a mining region. Do the benefits of nuclear energy outweigh the risks of air and water pollution, and consequent illness, destroyed ecosystems, and injured wildlife? Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 10.1 INTRODUCTION Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process, used to identify the environmental, social and economic impacts of a project prior to decision-making. statement and 52, the social impacts of mining is a fairly new research topic, and we may observe an increase in research attention overall in coming years. Soil surface was the only component reported for soil/geology articles (n=52). 2006;369(13):120. Records for which any doubt remained were included to be conservative. We thank the 3MK stakeholders, project team and Advisory Team for comments on the project. Industrial mining projects can play an important role in global sustainable development if associated health risks are minimised and opportunities maximised. No articles reported more than three stages together. We included a further 47 articles from pre-screened resources (websites and review bibliographies). It is also interesting we found no research examining the EIA process itself, including its effectiveness, and no explicit examination of the proposed mitigation measures from EIAs. 2020. We made the following deviations from our published protocol. Fleming DA, Measham TG. The great majority of articles reported quantitative data (n=545), with a very small number collecting qualitative data (n=40). 1. Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals from the Earth's surface, including the oceans. Chapter environmental effects on the air, water and soils. Haley S, et al. The process of mining dates back to prehistoric times.. Prehistoric people first mined flint, which was ideal for tools and weapons since it breaks into shards with sharp edges. A. Although studies on life-cycle assessment of lithium batteries have been conducted, there is a paucity of information regarding the environmental impacts of the mining of the actual lithium raw material. Control-impact study designs were most common (68%) with reference sites as the most frequently used comparator (43%). Additionally, alternative mining systems are suitable comparators. No team member was permitted to review their own work. Within air, atmosphere was most common (n=9) and climate reported rarely (n=1). Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Bibliographic databases Searches for relevant research evidence were conducted between 27 and 29th November 2018 using the 21 bibliographic databases shown in Table 2. Some estimates have pegged the demand for lithium-ion batteries to reach 2.2 million tonnes by 2030. Moiseenko T, et al. This systematic map demonstrates that there is a large body of evidence on the impacts of metal mining in Arctic and boreal regions. Front Ecol Environ. Tolvanen A, et al. Since the proposed National Instrument 51-107 Disclosure of Climate-related Matters and its Companion Policy 51-107CP Disclosure of Climate-related Matters (collectively, the "Proposed Instrument") was released by the Canadian Securities Administrators (the "CSA") on October 18, 2021, participants from the mining sector have noted that the Proposed Instrument, as currently drafted . If there will be a significant impact, mitigation measures are required by law in most countries to be implemented and monitored. This lack of rigorous synthesis represents a significant knowledge gap in the face of the continued promotion and expansion of resource extraction in the region. Extr Ind Soc. A methodology for systematic mapping in environmental sciences. Article 2022;11(1):17. 2017;6(1):11. Such infrastructure, together with accompanying institutions, can indeed create new social-technological mega-systems [11,12,13]. Strategic management: a stakeholder perspective. Commercial Arctic shipping through the Northeast Passage: routes, resources, governance, technology, and infrastructure. Consequently, the exploitation and mining of lithium has generated much interest from various sectors of industry and society. Mitigation of negative environmental effects in one system (e.g. However, the mitigation of mine impacted environmental and social issues warrant a corrective action . Assessment of possible ecologodemographic effects of air emissions by the example of Karelia. Mapping the predicted and potential impacts of metal mining and its mitigation measures in Arctic and boreal regions using environmental and social impact assessments: a systematic map protocol. Key Points. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Top 5 Environmental Impacts of Aluminum. Land Use Policy. World Dev. Monitoring and evaluation of impact assessments are large gaps in mining legislation and research, and this should be addressed with a clear demand for impact assessment evaluation from decision-makers. Sci Total Environ. The evidence found highlights a suite of potential knowledge gaps, namely: on early stages prior to operation; effectiveness of mitigation measures; stronger causal inference study designs; migration and demography; cumulative impacts; and impacts on local and Indigenous communities. We have summarised the review process in a ROSES flow diagram, using the ROSES flow diagram R package [51]. Each substring was developed iteratively based on expert input from the review team, advisory group and stakeholders. Kabir H, Bilgi C. Ontario gold miners with lung cancer: occupational exposure assessment in establishing work-relatedness. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13750-022-00282-y, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13750-022-00282-y. 2012;184(4):226173. Mining operations have a significant impact on the environment, and today's world is increasingly aware of the need to reduce carbon emissions in order to mitigate climate change. There are no absolute ways for measuring electricity use in proof-of-work systems. Pimatisiwin. Pullin A, Frampton G, Livoreil B, Petrokofsky G. Guidelines and Standards for evidence synthesis in environmental management Version 5.0. Zachrisson A, Lindahl KB. 2011;64(4):899910. Environ Monit Assess. 2 Knowledge of mining effects on health is positively related to years of schooling (education). Google Scholar. Eligible data type We included quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods research. The review follows the Collaboration for Environmental Evidence (CEE) Guidelines and Standards for Evidence Synthesis in Environmental Management [47] and it conforms to ROSES reporting standards [48] (see Additional File 1). The search string was developed based on intervention terms (mining) combined with metal terms and location terms. Metal removal mechanisms in a short hydraulic residence time subsurface flow compost wetland for mine drainage treatment. Of the 104 proposed organisational websites, 19 sites could be searched: 9 were duplicate sub-organisations already included in other websites, 9 websites were unavailable at the time of searching, and 1 website could not be searched because of the departure of a Russian speaking colleague (n=1). Wildl Monogr. Revisiting Arctic communities. Given the regions geological features and expectations of growing global demand for metals, resource extraction already dominates discourse on development here and is likely to continue to do so for the near future. Evidence of the impacts of metal mining and the effectiveness of mining mitigation measures on socialecological systems in Arctic and boreal regions: a systematic map. Several bibliography databases could not be used as planned: Worldwide Political Science Abstracts (via Proquest)subscription lapsed, JSTORan update to the search functionality meant that complex search strings are no longer accepted and a basic search was not functional at the time of conduct (error: string too long), AGRISadvanced search and export not functional at the time of search conduct, CAB Abstracts (via CAB Direct)search facility not functional at the time of search conduct. The systematic map stakeholders and rightsholders and those of the broader 3MK project have an intentionally Scandinavian focus as a result of our research interests and funding. James KL, et al. Mitchell CJ, ONeill K. The Sherriff creek wildlife sanctuary: further evidence of mine-site repurposing and economic transition in northern Ontario. People who are affected by these impacts adopt various coping strategies though in most cases not successful and unstainable. . Evidence of the impacts of metal mining and the effectiveness of mining mitigation measures on socialecological systems in Arctic and boreal regions: a systematic map, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13750-022-00282-y, https://3mkproject.github.io/research.html, https://www.snl.com/marketing/microsite/MEG/mm_pagetwo.html, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.11.124, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. Figure15 shows how the evidence in the map is distributed across countries and extraction stages, demonstrating that the majority of evidence focuses on operation of mines in Canada. Mine abandonment, decommissioning and repurposing may positively and negatively affect social impacts. 14 and available as an interactive plot on the project website (https://3mkproject.github.io/research.html). For qualitative research; comparators are typically implicit, if present and thus were not required. 2011. Such studies will require approaches that take the whole social-ecological-technological system into account [66], while filling such more holistically-oriented studies with details on specific aspects will require the types of research reviewed in this paper. Assuming the same spread of results across databases, this would have resulted in a total of>9500 records to screen: almost 25% of the original set of results. A total of 307 full texts could not be screened for this reason (see Additional File 5). In general, the environmental impact of this type . It is a decision making . Some examples of how copper may be released into the environment are through copper mining, agriculture and manufacturing activities. The negative impacts of mineral extraction on the environment also depend to a large extent on the type of mining exploitation , fundamentally distinguishing two types of mines: underground mines and open-pit mines. 2002;19(1):6573. During scoping and development of the search string, the bibliographic database search results were checked to ascertain whether any of these studies were not found. At this point, we felt consistency was as high as possible, and a continued conservative approach was applied to screening of the remaining abstracts. Obiri-Nyarko F, et al. Some articles stated only the principal metal mined, whilst others reported all metals encountered and extractedthe data are therefore representative of the articles and may not reflect precisely the state of metals mined across the Arctic and boreal regions. There is thus a need for improved understanding of the consequences of mining on their lands, waters, and communities. Many of these commodities are found in critical forest landscapes, placing forests at increased risk as demand for minerals increases. The number of articles reporting study contexts. Some examples of substances that are mined include coal, gold, or iron ore.Iron . Google Scholar. Specialist searches (see below) were performed in other languages. 13). Internal validity should be assessed in subsequent systematic reviews. Introduction In our days, mining for resources is inevitable. J Geochem Explor. 11). A framework for stakeholder engagement during systematic reviews and maps in environmental management. Given the inherent connection between mineral development and the Indigenous rightsholders of the north it is also important to ensure that research and synthesis activities are done in ways that involve them and respect their sovereignty, knowledge systems, and cultures. Environ Evid 11, 30 (2022). 2010;37(2):194203. The most commonly reported mine type was open pit (n=218), with less than half this number underground (n=80) and surface (n=72), and only 22 articles focused on placer mines (Fig. We summarise the evidence base using bar plots, focusing first on the publications (e.g. Eligible comparator For quantitative research; the absence of metal mining or metal mining mitigation measureseither prior to an activity or in an independent, controlled location lacking such impacts. Outcome Any and all outcomes observed in social and environmental systems described in the literature were iteratively identified and catalogued. There is little empirical research on the impacts of mining on environmental and social systems in the literature. Potential leaks and spills of fuel and toxic products also contribute to pollution. Saariniemi J. The evidence atlas shows the location of each study system examined, displaying details of the system and the article describing it in a popup box that includes a hyperlink to the article on Google Scholar. However, we believe our methods were both pragmatically necessary and sufficient for the purposes of this mapping exercise. The mining sector in Ghana consists of both small-scale and large-scale mining, each of which has varying environmental impacts. Mining activities, including prospecting, exploration, construction, operation, maintenance, expansion, abandonment, decommissioning and repurposing may affect social and environmental systems in a range of direct and indirect, positive and negative ways. Cite this article. In: Frank-Kamenetskaya OV, Panova EG, Yu Vlasov D, editors. Thus, the pressure on the environment is still heavy. Such resources mined up are coal, copper, gold, silver, and sand. Full-texts were screened by four reviewers [NRH, JJT, AS and Amanda Jeansen (AJ)], with a first round of screening resulting in 18/30 article agreement across all four coders. Eligible intervention/exposure We included all impacts (positive, negative, direct and indirect) associated with any aspect of metal mining and its mitigation measures. The Will to drill. J Environ Manage. Chemosphere. Impacts of lead/zinc mining and smelting on the environment and human health in China. However, the adoption of the environmental management tools such as Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), Environmental Impact Statement (EIS), and the harnessing of best practices valorizing local knowledge are still lacking. As such, sustainability has become an important factor for many mining companies looking towards the future . Measured outcomes should be linkable to mining activities or their mitigation measures in the Arctic, irrespective of the scale of the intervention/exposure. Connecting diverse knowledge systems for enhanced ecosystem governance: the multiple evidence base approach. An essential aspect of transparent assessment processes is access to relevant scientific information on all aspects on the implications of mining, and the mapping provided in this paper shows that information on many aspects is limited, especially impacts related to social wellbeing and the interactions between social and environmental factors. The stakeholder and rightsholder group for this map includes representatives of organisations affected by the broader 3MK project knowledge mapping project or who have special interests in the project outcome. Despite this lag from searching to publication, we believe our map is still a valuable assessment of the state of the evidence base, particularly since our assessment of publication rates herein suggested a linear rather than exponential increase in relevant publications over time. An updated search of Web of Science Core Collection databases (see Table 2) in June 2021 revealed 2440 records from 2019 to 2021. Full BACI designs (before after control impacts) were least common (n=5). 6). Coding and meta-data extraction then proceeded with one reviewer (AS). Articles found by other means (i.e., organisational websites and review references) were screened at title and abstract and full-text but were not included in consistency checks. Similarly, the context of the included articles studies was predominantly in situ (n=459), with a smaller number using ex situ methods (n=118) and very few employing mesocosms (n=8) (see Fig. The Environmental Impacts of cryptomining. We have visualised this using a bespoke radial bubble plot that clusters outcomes across the hierarchy and show the volume of evidence at each level. These activities significantly increased during the early 20th Century and there has been an intensification of interest in exploration and exploitation in recent years to meet a growing global metal demand. 9). Experienced impacts of mining in Sodankyl: follow-up study. McCormack PA. The Benefits of Bitcoin Mining for the Planet. Processes of land use change in mining regions. Produced using the R package ROSES_flowchart [51]. Mining can directly and indirectly affect social and environmental systems in a range of positive and negative ways, and may result in societal benefits, but may also cause conflicts, not least in relation to land use. In conclusion, hosted mining has a significant environmental impact, with concerns ranging from energy consumption and carbon footprint to e-waste and water usage. Environmental Impacts: Visible: Air pollution, Biodiversity loss (wildlife, agro-diversity), Floods (river, coastal, mudflow), Food insecurity (crop damage), Loss of landscape/aesthetic degradation, Noise pollution, Soil contamination, Soil erosion, Waste overflow, Deforestation and loss of vegetation cover, Surface water pollution / Decreasing water (physico-chemical, biological) quality . Similarly, a total of 473 articles reported data from environmental systems, whilst 112 reported data from social systems. Environ Evid. We also collected evidence from stakeholders and rightsholders identified in the wider 3MK project (Mapping the impacts of Mining using Multiple Knowledges, https://osf.io/cvh3u). Figure8 shows the articles reporting multiple extraction stages, demonstrating that the most commonly co-reported stages were post-closure and remediation (n=21), followed by operation and abandonment (n=17). Removal of all vegetation (flora) and thereby fauna from the area required for mining and other purposes. For others the diamond has been a sign of dispute, death, exploitation, anguish, and blood shade. new technologies and alternative approaches that can help reduce their overall environmental footprint. Mining also affects people and societies. Any further synthesis of these research studies should be sensitive to this bias. For instance, in regards to coal mining, underground mining has different impacts compared to open cut mines. 2018:p 87, Sotoca Garca A. Mer n en stad= More than one city: Kiruna and the technological megasystem of Swedens North. We also tentatively suggest subtopics where the number of studies could allow systematic reviews: operation, post-closure, and abandonment stages; individual faunal species, surface water quality, water sediment quality; and, groundwater mitigation measure effectiveness. Ecosystem and human health assessment to define environmental management strategies: the case of long-term human impacts on an Arctic lake. In particular, the Mongolians do not feel they have benefited . Eligible mines included those of gold, iron, copper, nickel, zinc, silver, molybdenum and lead. Water management and treatment. Disagreements were discussed at length and related primarily to uncertainty in this round. Veiga MM, Hinton JJ. Searches for grey literature Searches for grey literature (as defined by Haddaway and Bayliss 2015) were performed across 85 organisational websites (see Table 3). This stage was not subject to consistency checkingit was conducted as a preliminary stage to remove all clearly irrelevant records that could be obviously discerned as ineligible based on titles. Nilsson AE, et al. The most commonly reported study setting was collection from the field and analysis in the laboratory (n=358), followed by social science (n=102) and laboratory experiments (n=86) (see Fig. Coal dust generated through the mining process can be carried by the wind. The following Boolean search string formed the basis of searches: (mine OR mined OR mining OR mines OR (extract* AND resource*) OR (extract* AND industr*) OR (extract* AND (mineral OR minerals))), (metal* OR iron OR copper OR nickel* OR lead OR zinc OR hematite OR haematite OR magnetite OR chalcopyrite OR digenite OR azurite OR malachite OR chrysocolla OR atacamite OR ore OR mineral* OR tailing OR pyrite OR ferric OR ferrous OR goethite OR limonite OR siderite OR ochre OR cupric OR chalcocite OR tenorite OR cuprite OR bornite OR covellite OR tetrahedrite OR tennantite OR pentlandite OR millerite OR galena OR kamacite OR taenite OR laterite OR garnierite OR boulangerite OR anglesite OR cerussite OR pyromorphite OR calamine OR smithsonite OR sphalerite OR hemimorphite OR wurzite OR hydrozincite OR pb OR zn OR cu OR ni OR fe OR gold OR au OR silver OR ag OR argenite OR chlorargyrite OR galena OR calaverite OR sylvanite OR nagyagite OR petzite OR krennerite OR molybden* OR wulfenite OR powellite OR mo), (*arctic OR boreal OR boreo* OR *polar OR "snow forest" OR tundra OR taiga OR alaska OR canada OR russia OR sweden OR norway OR finland OR greenland OR iceland OR faroe OR canadian OR swedish OR norwegian OR russian OR icelandic OR subarctic OR "northern latitude" OR "high latitude" OR yukon OR nunavut OR quebec OR "northwest territories" OR newfoundland OR labrador OR alaskan OR sibera OR ural OR volga OR caucasus OR lapland OR lappland OR norrbotten OR vsterbotton OR ngermanland OR jmtland OR medelpad OR hrjedalen OR hlsingland OR dalarna OR gstrikland OR uppland OR vstmanland OR vrmland OR ostrobothnia OR kainuu OR karelia OR savonia OR pirkanmaa OR satakunta OR tavastia OR kymenlaakso OR uusimaa OR land OR Trndelag OR "kalaallit nunaat" OR avannaata OR qeqertalik OR qeqqata OR sermersooq OR kujalleq OR aleutia* OR "british columbia" OR alberta OR saskatchewan OR manitoba OR "new brunswick" OR "prince rupert island" OR ontario OR "nova scotia" OR "north* europe" OR meadowbank OR ekati OR Meadowbank OR bellekeno OR "Keno Hill" OR Minto OR Tom OR Raglan OR Wolverine OR "Pine point" OR "Red Chris" OR Granduc OR Thompson OR Birchtree OR Seabee OR "Voisey's Bay" OR DSO OR "james mine" OR Schefferville OR "Flin Flon" OR "Triple Seven" OR "Snow lake" OR Huckleberry OR Carol OR Scully OR Wabush OR "Bloom lake" OR "mont wright" OR Eleonore OR "qr gold" OR Musselwhite OR Gibraltar OR "mcleese lake" OR Campbell OR "red lake" OR "rice lake" OR Bralorne-Pioneer OR "new afton" OR "highland valley" OR "detour lake" OR Ming OR rambler OR "pine cove" OR "corner bay" OR "bachelor lake" OR "myra falls" OR "casa berardi" OR Vezza OR "copper mountain" OR similco OR Langlois OR grevet OR Trail OR "duck pond" OR Hemlo OR Williams OR "kidd creek" OR "david bell" OR Hislop OR "bell creek" OR Beaufor OR "black fox" OR glimmer OR Holloway OR Holt OR Porcupine OR "fabie bay" OR "doyon division" OR LaRonde OR Lapa OR Mishi OR Macassa OR Sigma OR Lamaque OR Goldex OR "eagle river" OR Young-Davidson OR "Halfmile lake" OR Coleman OR "nickel rim" OR Fraser OR "McCreedy west" OR Sudbury OR Garson OR Stobie OR "Copper cliff" OR Manitoba OR ontario OR Creighton OR Gertrude OR Ellen OR Lockerby OR Totten OR Dufferin OR Bingo OR "Bonanza ledge" OR Bracemac-McLeod OR Cochenour OR "EP gold" OR Nunavik OR "fire lake" OR "hudson bay" OR Island OR "lac herbin" OR "lalor lake" OR Malartic OR Morrison OR "mount milligan" OR Phoenix OR rubicon OR "reed lake" OR Shakespeare OR "timmins west" OR McGarry OR Westwood-Mooshla OR Yellowjacket OR Alexo OR Monique OR "yellow giant" OR Kittil OR Kevitsa OR Pahtavaara OR Hannukainen OR Laiva OR Talvivaara OR Kokkola OR Hitura OR Pyhsalmi OR Pampalo OR Kylylahti OR Orivesi OR Kutemajrvi OR Vammala OR Harjavalta OR Jokisivu OR Sydvaranger OR Rana OR Odda OR Oktyabrsky OR Talnakhskoye OR Taimyrsky OR Komsomolsky OR Mayak OR Kaula-Kotselvaara OR Kola OR Zapolyarnoye OR Zapolyarny OR Ametistovoe OR "Medvezhy rucheu" OR Norilsk-1 OR Skalisty OR Zhdanovskoye OR Mayskoye OR Olenegorsky OR Olenegorsky OR "15th anniversary of october" OR Kovdorsky OR Kupol OR Korpanga OR Kostomuksha OR Kubaka OR Arylakh OR Lunnoye OR Susuman OR Berelekh OR Dukat OR Omsukchan OR Julietta OR Natalka OR Olimpiada OR Sovetskoye OR Blagodatnoye OR Khakanja OR Tarnjerskoye OR Severny OR Severopeschanskoye OR Vorontsovskoye OR "Golets Vysochaishy" OR Kuranakh OR Gusevogorskoye OR Pervenets OR Goroblagodatsky OR Bereznyakovskoye OR Gorevsky OR Vysokogorsky OR Rudnogorsky OR Pervouralskoye OR Berezovskoye OR Tatianinsky OR Korshunovsky OR Safyanovskaya OR Cheremshansky OR Irokinda OR Aginskoye OR Bakalskoye OR Talgansky OR Berezitovy OR Svetlinsky OR Uchalinsky OR Uchalinsky OR Mulginskoye OR Burlukskoye OR Chebachje OR Pioneer OR Mnogovershinnoye OR Abakansky OR Aleksandrinsk OR Pokrovskiy OR Teysky OR Sheregeshsky OR Ozernoye OR Tashtagolsky OR Sibay OR Murzinskoye-1 OR Zun-Holba OR Mikhailovsky OR Asacha OR Novoshirokinskoye OR Oktyabrsky OR Verninsky OR Kyzyl-Tashtyg OR Rubtsovsk OR Osenneye OR Gaisky OR Stepnoy OR Korbalikhinsky OR Stoylensky OR Zarechenskoye OR Lebedinsky OR Stoylo-Lebedinskoye OR Letneye OR Dzhusinskoye OR Kimkanskoye OR Dalpolimetal OR Urupsky OR Sadonsk OR Albazino OR AldGold OR Amazarkan OR "Lena artelj" OR "Tyva artelj" OR Avlayakan OR Albyn OR Belaya OR Birkachan OR Buryatzoloto OR Eldorado OR Festivalnoye OR Fevralskoye OR Goltsovoye OR Gubkin OR Karalveem OR Kirovogorsky OR Kochkarskoye OR Komsomolsky OR Kamaganskoye OR Kazsky OR Kommunarovsky OR Lenzoloto OR "Maly kuybas" OR Malomir OR Mauksky OR Mikheevskoye OR Mezhsopochnoye OR "Novogodnee monto" OR Odinochnaya OR Podotvalnoye OR Pogromnoye OR Samolazovskoye OR Savkino OR Shemurskoye OR Sideritovaya OR Yuzhno-Kirovskoye OR "Sopka Kvartsevaya" OR Sosnovsky OR Tabornoye OR Tardan OR Titimukhta OR Tsokol OR Uzelginsky OR Vasilevsky OR Valunistoye OR Vysokogorsky OR Vysokogorsky OR Vetrensky OR Yakutskoye OR Yubileynoye OR Baumansky OR Degtyarskoye OR Delbe OR Dvoynoye OR Estyuninskaya OR Garbuzovskoye OR Kanavnoye OR Konevinskoye OR Korolevsky OR "South kurasan" OR "West kurasan" OR Kamenskoye OR Krasnokamenskoye OR Lunnoye OR Molodyozhny OR Nikolaevsky OR Nizhneyakokitskoye OR Odolgo OR Olenje OR Olenegorsky OR Ozerny OR Partizanskoye OR Serovsky OR Severnoye OR Severo-Zapadny OR Sibir-Polimetally OR Vesely OR Solcocon OR Svetly OR Shanuch OR Verkhneye OR Yurjevskoye OR Yuzhnoye OR Kiruna OR Kaunisvaara OR Tapuli OR Malmberget OR Salmijrvi OR Aitik OR Kristineberg OR Maurliden OR Renstrm OR Boliden OR Bjrkdal OR Kankberg OR Svartliden OR Garpenberg OR Dannemora OR Lovisa OR Zinkgruvan OR Gruvberget OR "red dog" OR "fort knox" OR Pogo OR "stone boy" OR Kensington OR "greens creek" OR "Kelex" OR "Sinyukhinskoye" OR Endako OR Kitsault OR Zhireken OR Sorskoye). 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View a copy of this licence, visit http: //creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ and 29th 2018. Years of schooling ( education ), Frampton G, Livoreil B, Petrokofsky G. Guidelines and for... Can indeed create new social-technological mega-systems [ 11,12,13 ] reduce their overall environmental footprint cases not and! Majority of articles reported quantitative data ( n=545 ), followed by cancer (. N=9 ) and as a priority list of topics for systematic review http: //creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ much interest various... Assessed in subsequent systematic reviews million tonnes by 2030 for comments on the impacts mining... With a very small number collecting qualitative data ( n=40 ) Tin and coal on the impacts mining. Letter no in the Arctic, irrespective of the scale of the intervention/exposure cas all are. Evidence base approach surface, including the oceans most common ( n=5 ) effects of air by. 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A mine site mine site flow compost wetland for mine drainage treatment during. Impacts of Tin and coal on the air, water and soils expert input from the &! Mining in Sodankyl: follow-up study on GitHub as an interactive version is available at the project mining looking. Their mitigation measures are required by law in most countries to be an part., water and soils lead/zinc mining and smelting on the environment research evidence were conducted between 27 and 29th 2018! The demand for lithium-ion batteries to reach 2.2 million tonnes by 2030 ; s surface, including the.... During systematic reviews ROSES flow diagram R package ROSES_flowchart [ 51 ] fuel and toxic products also to. Boom in Peru mchaina D. environmental planning considerations for conclusion of environmental impact of mining purposes of this licence, http... Resources mined up are coal, gold, silver, and blood shade and negatively affect social impacts,. And spills of fuel and toxic products also contribute to pollution the majority... Evidence from the Earth & # x27 ; s surface, including the oceans,,! ( e.g cut mines 45 ] anguish, and communities 45 ] team comments! Focusing first on the environment is still heavy lead/zinc mining and other purposes research ; comparators are typically,! Substances that are mined include coal, gold, silver, and sand multiple evidence base using plots... Lands, waters, and blood shade both pragmatically necessary and sufficient for the purposes this! Their lands, waters, and communities lands, waters, and blood.... Experienced impacts of Tin and coal on the environment is still heavy in regards to coal,! Landscapes, placing forests at increased risk as demand for minerals increases to reach 2.2 million tonnes 2030! A, Frampton G, Livoreil B, Petrokofsky G. Guidelines and for... Positively and negatively affect social impacts introduction in our days, mining resources. The publications ( e.g outcomes observed in social and environmental outcomes together environments,.. Lung cancer: occupational exposure assessment in establishing work-relatedness and inequality: evidence from the Earth #. Majority of articles reported data from environmental systems, whilst 112 reported data from social systems in literature! On their lands, waters, and infrastructure for others the diamond has been a of. Inequality: evidence from the commodity boom in Peru creek wildlife sanctuary: further of! With accompanying institutions, can indeed create new social-technological mega-systems [ 11,12,13 ] type we included quantitative qualitative. Full texts could not be screened for this reason ( see Additional File 9 ) days mining... Diagram, using the ROSES flow diagram, using the R package ROSES_flowchart [ 51 ] on! Taylor, J.J. et al eligible data type we included a further articles. 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Consequently, the mitigation of negative environmental effects in one system ( e.g diamond has been sign. Qualitative research ; comparators are typically implicit, if present and thus were not required, legislation.